The International Center for Biosaline Agriculture (ICBA) has operated for several years jointly with the Ministry of Climate Change and Environment of the United Arab Emirates innovative inland and coastal modular farms to study the use of the reject brine from desalination and seawater for farming.
The inland farm uses desalinated water to grow vegetables, the brine from desalination for fish farming, and then the water from the fish is recycled to grow halophytes (salt-loving plants). The coastal farm uses seawater directly to grow fish and the water is reused for halophytes cultivation.